7.1.12 (HL)—Natural capital management strategies

Choose a management lever that changes the diagnosed pressure on natural capital and can be implemented by the responsible actor.

Actor/lever	Examples	Intended mechanism
Government plans and rules	SDG action plans, taxes, fines, carbon restrictions, higher fossil-fuel prices	discourage damaging use and set enforceable limits
Government support	subsidies, research, education, publicity, enabling legislation	make lower-impact alternatives feasible and attractive
NGOs, communities and movements	campaigns, social media, recycling action	change norms, information and participation
Business/technology	circular production, recyclable turbines, carbon-storing concrete	reduce waste or substitute processes

Illegal overharvest may require enforcement and incentives; an information campaign alone does not remove the profit mechanism.

Diagnose pressure → choose actor and lever → predict behavior change → monitor resource and equity outcomes.

A popular policy is not automatically the relevant or sufficient lever.