IB Economics HL 3.1.5 Gdp Gni and Well Being Questions
Practise IB Economics HL 3.1.5 by evaluating GDP and GNI alongside broader measures of well-being, using marked exam evidence.
- Syllabus
- First assessment 2022
- Course
- Economics HL
- Level
- HL
Practise IB Economics HL 3.1.5 by evaluating GDP and GNI alongside broader measures of well-being, using marked exam evidence.
Table 2 provides information relating to the country of Averna in 2019.
Table 2
Explain two reasons why an increase in real GDP per capita may not lead to an improvement in living standards.
Table 3 provides information relating to the labour market in the country of Buranda.
Table 3
Level
Marks
0
The work does not meet a standard described by the descriptors below.
1
The written response is limited.
1-2
For one reason stated [1]. For two reasons stated OR one reason explained [2].
2
The written response is accurate.
3-4
For one reason explained AND one reason stated [3]. For two reasons explained [4].
Reasons may include:
- The distribution of income may become uneven, so that the benefits of increasing real GDP may not be enjoyed by some.
- Due to structural changes, employment opportunities decrease for some groups, who will not benefit from higher real GDP.
- More accurate recording of self-provided goods may account for the increase in real GDP without a corresponding increase in output/income.
- An increase in real GDP may lead to negative environmental effects, such as poor air quality, meaning that living standards do not improve.
- The composition of output may have changed. An increase in real GDP that results from an increase in military spending (or without an increase in spending on health and education) may not improve living standards.
- GNP could be lower than GDP due to profit repatriation by MNCs or to income remittances overseas by immigrant workers.
- An increase in real GDP might be accompanied by reduced leisure time/freedom.
- Any other reasonable response.