[Maximum number: 2]

Lithium reacts with water to form an alkaline solution.

(a)

A0.200 g piece of lithium was placed in $500.0 \mathrm{~cm}^{3}$ of water.

[ 2 ]

(i)

Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas produced, in $\mathrm{cm}^{3}$ , if the temperature was $22.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and the pressure was 103 kPa . Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 4]

Alkanes are commonly occurring organic compounds.

(a)

The first four straight chain alkanes are gases at room temperature.

Boiling points of straight chain alkanes

[ 4 ]

(i)

Calculate the volume, in $\mathrm{dm}^{3}$ , occupied by 6.45 g of propane gas at 100 kPa and $15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ .

[ 2 ]

(ii)

Outline why the volume occupied by propane(g) at very high pressure is higher than the value calculated using PV=nRT.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

A powder has the following percentage composition by mass:
30.0 % sucrose, $\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}$
45.0 % citric acid, $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{7}$
25.0 \% sodium hydrogencarbonate, $\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}$

In the presence of water, the powder effervesces as the citric acid reacts with the sodium hydrogencarbonate:

$3 \mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}(\mathrm{~s})+\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{7}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{3}\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{O}_{7}\right)(\mathrm{aq})+3 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l})$

(a)

(i)

Determine the volume, in $\mathrm{dm}^{3}$ at SATP, of carbon dioxide released in the reaction in (a)(i). Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 3]

Nitrogen monoxide, NO(g), is produced in internal combustion and jet engines.

(a)

Calculate the amount, in moles, of NO in $1.0 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~m}^{3}$ of engine exhaust gas which contains 0.10 % NO by volume at $200^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and $1.0 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~Pa}$ .

Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.

[ 3 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

An organic compound, A, has the following composition by mass when its only combustion products, carbon dioxide and water, are analysed.

(a)

A sample of the vapour of A at $200.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ , and $1.00 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~Pa}$ , has a density of $2.544 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~m}^{-3}$ . Determine the molar mass and the molecular formula of A.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

A powder has the following percentage composition by mass:
30.0 % sucrose, $\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}$
45.0 % citric acid, $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{7}$
25.0 \% sodium hydrogencarbonate, $\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}$

In the presence of water, the powder effervesces as the citric acid reacts with the sodium hydrogencarbonate:

$3 \mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}(\mathrm{~s})+\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{7}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{3}\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{O}_{7}\right)(\mathrm{aq})+3 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l})$

(a)

(i)

Determine the volume, in $\mathrm{dm}^{3}$ at SATP, of carbon dioxide released in the reaction in (a)(i). Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

An organic compound, A, has the following composition by mass when its only combustion products, carbon dioxide and water, are analysed.

(a)

A sample of the vapour of A at $200.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and $1.00 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~Pa}$ has a density of $2.544 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~m}^{-3}$ . Determine the molar mass and the molecular formula of A.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Phosphine (IUPAC name phosphane) is a hydride of phosphorus, with the formula $\mathrm{PH}_{3}$ .

(a)

2.478 g of white phosphorus was used to make phosphine according to the equation:

\mathrm{P}_{4}(\mathrm{~s})+3 \mathrm{OH}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \rightarrow \mathrm{PH}_{3}(\mathrm{~g})+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{PO}_{2}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})

[ 1 ]

(i)

Determine the volume of phosphine, measured in $\mathrm{cm}^{3}$ at standard temperature and pressure, that was produced.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 4]

Alkanes are commonly occurring organic compounds.

(a)

The first four straight chain alkanes are gases at room temperature.

Boiling points of straight chain alkanes

[ 4 ]

(i)

Calculate the volume, in $\mathrm{dm}^{3}$ , occupied by 6.45 g of propane gas at 100 kPa and $15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ .

[ 2 ]

(ii)

Outline why the volume occupied by propane(g) at very high pressure is higher than the value calculated using PV=nRT.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 5]

Nitrogen monoxide, NO(g), is produced in internal combustion and jet engines.

(a)

Calculate the amount, in moles, of NO in $1.0 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~m}^{3}$ of engine exhaust gas which contains 0.10 % NO by volume at $200^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and $1.0 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~Pa}$ .

Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.

[ 3 ]

(b)

Outline why NO deviates more than nitrogen, $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ , from the ideal gas model.

[ 2 ]