What you’ll learn7 learning objectivesChoose one objective for a focused lesson, or study the complete topic.5.3.1(HL)—Lean production features• Define features of lean production• Lean production aims for less waste and greater efficiencySyllabus objective5.3.2(HL)—Lean production methods• Apply continuous improvement or kaizen and just-in-time (JIT)• Lean methods reduce waste, stock, delays, and defectsSyllabus objective5.3.3(HL)—Cradle to cradle design and manufacturing• Analyse features of cradle to cradle design and manufacturing• Cradle to cradle focuses on reuse, closed loops, and sustainable materialsSyllabus objective5.3.4(HL)—Quality control and quality assurance• Analyse features of quality control and quality assurance• Quality control inspects outputs; quality assurance builds quality into processesSyllabus objective5.3.5(HL)—Quality management methods• Apply quality circle, benchmarking, and total quality management (TQM)• Quality management aims to improve consistency, customer satisfaction, and continuous improvementSyllabus objective5.3.6(HL)—Impact of lean production and TQM• Evaluate impact of lean production and TQM on an organization• Impacts may include lower costs, higher quality, improved motivation, disruption, training needs, and supplier dependenceSyllabus objective5.3.7(HL)—Quality standards• Analyse importance of national and international quality standards• Standards can improve trust, consistency, market access, and complianceSyllabus objective