CAIE A-Level Psychology Cognitive Approach Question Bank

Outline one assumption of the cognitive approach in psychology.

2 marks for full assumption.

1 mark for partial/brief assumption.

e.g., 2 marks

Information is processed through the same route in all humans: input - process - output, in a similar way to how information is processed by a computer.

People have individual differences in their cognitive processing such as with attention, language, thinking and memory (1 named).

e.g., 1 mark

Information is processed through the same route in all humans: input - process - output. People have individual differences in their cognitive processing.

There are other creditworthy responses.

2

1 mark for result/conclusion.

1 mark for linking it to an assumption explicitly (not by name only: a relevant concept needs to be mentioned).

e.g.

Children correctly identified 99\% of the cartoon faces (1 mark result). This could follow the principles of input (see cartoon), process (memory of cartoon) and output (recall cartoon) (1 mark supported link).

Adults correctly identified 66\% of human faces (1 mark result). This shows that people do have individual differences in memory recall (1 mark supported link).

There are other creditworthy responses.

2

If the link is not with an assumption from 5a, can only be awarded the result/conclusion mark.

Cannot simply re-state the assumption for the $2^{\text {nd }}$ mark.

1 mark for definition

1 mark for example

e.g.,

This is when a person believes they are making an accurate choice, but it is not (1 mark: definition).

In the Pozzulo study this would be the children choosing a person in a line-up even though the culprit is not in the line-up (1 mark: example).

2

Describe the sample used in the study by Andrade (doodling).

1 mark for each correct point

It was an opportunity sample.

They had just finished a different study (before being asked to participate in this one) n=40.

Members of a university participant panel.

General population.

Aged 18-55 years.

Paid for participation.

Majority female/35 female 5 male/doodle: 18F 2M/control: 17F 3M.

4

List is definitive.

Accept 'males and females'.

No tolerance on age range.

Use the marking grid below.

4 marks for the similarity, e.g., experimental, lack mundane realism, quantitative data collection, experimental design used, ethics, cognitive skills being tested.

4 marks for the difference, e.g., experimental design used, cognitive skills being tested, ethics.

e.g., similarity

e.g. 4 marks

Both Andrade and Pozzulo studies were experimental in nature. For example, both studies had manipulated IVs. In the Andrade study there were two conditions of doodling and non-doodling. In Pozzulo study there was also two conditions of age/type of face/degree of familiarity. Therefore, both were trying to establish cause and effect (explanation).

e.g. 3 marks

Both Andrade and Pozzulo studies were experimental in nature. For example, both studies had manipulated IVs. In the Andrade study there were two conditions of doodling and non-doodling/in Pozzulo study there was also two conditions of age/type of face/degree of familiarity.

e.g. 2 marks

Both Andrade and Pozzulo studies were experimental in nature. For example, both studies had manipulated IVs and measured DVs.

e.g. 1 mark

Both Andrade and Laney were experimental in nature.

8

Do not credit any answer about the sample.

Award L1-L4 for similarity. Award L1-L4 for difference.

For Level 4 there must be some attempt at explaining the similarity or difference.

Two descriptions of the studies with no logical link = L1 max.

Different aims = L1 max.

Similarity of cognitive approach with examples from each study without terms = L3 max.

If the candidate mixes up the names of the studies and/or terminology then L2 max and annotate with NBOD.

Auditory vs visual task is a legitimate comparison but likely to be L3 max.

9(b)