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11. Particle physics

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  1. 11.1 Atoms, nuclei and radiation

    1. 11.1.1The results of the α-particle scattering experiment the existence and small

      • infer from the results of the α-particle scattering experiment the existence and small size of the nucleus

    2. 11.1.2A simple model for the nuclear atom to include protons, neutrons and orbital

      • describe a simple model for the nuclear atom to include protons, neutrons and orbital electrons

    3. 11.1.3Nucleon number and proton number

      • distinguish between nucleon number and proton number

    4. 11.1.4Isotopes are forms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons in

      • understand that isotopes are forms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei

    5. 11.1.5The notation A Z X for the representation of nuclides

      • understand and use the notation A Z X for the representation of nuclides

    6. 11.1.6Nucleon number and charge are conserved in nuclear processes

      • understand that nucleon number and charge are conserved in nuclear processes

    7. 11.1.7The composition, mass and charge of α-, β- and γ-radiations (both β–

      • describe the composition, mass and charge of α-, β- and γ-radiations (both β– (electrons) and β+ (positrons) are included)

    8. 11.1.8An antiparticle has the same mass but opposite charge to the corresponding

      • understand that an antiparticle has the same mass but opposite charge to the corresponding particle, and that a positron is the antiparticle of an electron

    9. 11.1.9That (electron) antineutrinos are produced during β– decay and (electron)

      • state that (electron) antineutrinos are produced during β– decay and (electron) neutrinos are produced during β+ decay

    10. 11.1.10Α-particles have discrete energies but that β-particles have a continuous

      • understand that α-particles have discrete energies but that β-particles have a continuous range of energies because (anti)neutrinos are emitted in β-decay

    11. 11.1.11Α- and β-decay by a radioactive decay equation of the form UT h92 238 90 234

      • represent α- and β-decay by a radioactive decay equation of the form UT h92 238 90 234 2 4" + α

    12. 11.1.12The unified atomic mass unit (u) as a unit of mass

      • use the unified atomic mass unit (u) as a unit of mass

  2. 11.2 Fundamental particles

    1. • understand that a quark is a fundamental particle and that there are six flavours (types) of quark: up, down, strange, charm, top and bottom

    2. • recall and use the charge of each flavour of quark and understand that its respective antiquark has the opposite charge (no knowledge of any other properties of quarks is required)

    3. • recall that protons and neutrons are not fundamental particles and describe protons and neutrons in terms of their quark composition

    4. • understand that a hadron may be either a baryon (consisting of three quarks) or a meson (consisting of one quark and one antiquark)

    5. • describe the changes to quark composition that take place during β– and β+ decay

    6. • recall that electrons and neutrinos are fundamental particles called leptons