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22. Quantum physics

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  1. 22.1 Energy and momentum of a photon

    1. • understand that electromagnetic radiation has a particulate nature

    2. • understand that a photon is a quantum of electromagnetic energy

    3. • recall and use E = hf

    4. • use the electronvolt (eV) as a unit of energy

    5. • understand that a photon has momentum and that the momentum is given by p = E / c

  2. 22.2 Photoelectric effect

    1. • understand that photoelectrons may be emitted from a metal surface when it is illuminated by electromagnetic radiation

    2. • understand and use the terms threshold frequency and threshold wavelength

    3. • explain photoelectric emission in terms of photon energy and work function energy

    4. • recall and use hf = Φ + 1/2 mvmax 2

    5. • explain why the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons is independent of intensity, whereas the photoelectric current is proportional to intensity

  3. 22.3 Wave–particle duality

    1. 22.3.1The photoelectric effect provides evidence for a particulate nature of

      • understand that the photoelectric effect provides evidence for a particulate nature of electromagnetic radiation while phenomena such • As interference and diffraction provide evidence for a wave nature

    2. 22.3.2And interpret qualitatively the evidence provided by electron diffraction

      • describe and interpret qualitatively the evidence provided by electron diffraction for the wave nature of particles

    3. 22.3.3The de Broglie wavelength as the wavelength associated with a moving

      • understand the de Broglie wavelength as the wavelength associated with a moving particle

    4. 22.3.4Λ = h / p

      • recall and use λ = h / p

  4. 22.4 Energy levels in atoms and line spectra

    1. • understand that there are discrete electron energy levels in isolated atoms (e.g. atomic hydrogen)

    2. • understand the appearance and formation of emission and absorption line spectra

    3. • recall and use hf = E1 – E2