17. Oscillations
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17.1 Simple harmonic oscillations
17.1.1The terms displacement, amplitude, period, frequency, angular frequency and
• understand and use the terms displacement, amplitude, period, frequency, angular frequency and phase difference in the context of oscillations, and express the period • In terms of both frequency and angular frequency
17.1.2Simple harmonic motion occurs when acceleration is proportional to
• understand that simple harmonic motion occurs when acceleration is proportional to displacement from a fixed point and in the opposite direction
17.1.3A = –ω2x and recall and use, as a solution to this equation, x = x0 sin ωt
• use a = –ω2x and recall and use, as a solution to this equation, x = x0 sin ωt
17.1.4The equations v = v0 cos ωt and v = ± ω ()xx0 22−
• use the equations v = v0 cos ωt and v = ± ω ()xx0 22−
17.1.5Graphical representations of the variations of displacement, velocity and
• analyse and interpret graphical representations of the variations of displacement, velocity and acceleration for simple harmonic motion
17.2 Energy in simple harmonic motion
17.2.1The interchange between kinetic and potential energy during simple harmonic
• describe the interchange between kinetic and potential energy during simple harmonic motion
17.2.2E = 1/2 mω2x0 2 for the total energy of a system undergoing simple harmonic
• recall and use E = 1/2 mω2x0 2 for the total energy of a system undergoing simple harmonic motion
17.3 Damped and forced oscillations, resonance
17.3.1A resistive force acting on an oscillating system causes damping
• understand that a resistive force acting on an oscillating system causes damping
17.3.2The terms light, critical and heavy damping and sketch displacement–time
• understand and use the terms light, critical and heavy damping and sketch displacement–time graphs illustrating these types of damping
17.3.3Resonance involves a maximum amplitude of oscillations and that this occurs
• understand that resonance involves a maximum amplitude of oscillations and that this occurs when an oscillating system is forced to oscillate at its natural frequency