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22. Quantum physics

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  1. 22.1 Energy and momentum of a photon

    1. • understand that electromagnetic radiation has a particulate nature

    2. • understand that a photon is a quantum of electromagnetic energy

    3. • recall and use E = hf

    4. • use the electronvolt (eV) as a unit of energy

    5. • understand that a photon has momentum and that the momentum is given by p = E / c

  2. 22.2 Photoelectric effect

    1. 22.2.1Photoelectrons may be emitted from a metal surface when it is illuminated by

      • understand that photoelectrons may be emitted from a metal surface when it is illuminated by electromagnetic radiation

    2. 22.2.2The terms threshold frequency and threshold wavelength

      • understand and use the terms threshold frequency and threshold wavelength

    3. 22.2.3Photoelectric emission in terms of photon energy and work function energy

      • explain photoelectric emission in terms of photon energy and work function energy

    4. 22.2.4Hf = Φ + 1/2 mvmax 2

      • recall and use hf = Φ + 1/2 mvmax 2

    5. 22.2.5Why the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons is independent of

      • explain why the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons is independent of intensity, whereas the photoelectric current is proportional to intensity

  3. 22.3 Wave–particle duality

    1. • understand that the photoelectric effect provides evidence for a particulate nature of electromagnetic radiation while phenomena such • As interference and diffraction provide evidence for a wave nature

    2. • describe and interpret qualitatively the evidence provided by electron diffraction for the wave nature of particles

    3. • understand the de Broglie wavelength as the wavelength associated with a moving particle

    4. • recall and use λ = h / p

  4. 22.4 Energy levels in atoms and line spectra

    1. • understand that there are discrete electron energy levels in isolated atoms (e.g. atomic hydrogen)

    2. • understand the appearance and formation of emission and absorption line spectra

    3. • recall and use hf = E1 – E2