CAIE A-Level Biology 4.1.3 Roles of Membrane Components
Practise explaining how phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins and carbohydrate-bearing molecules give membranes their properties.
- Syllabus
- 2028–2030
- Course
- Biology 9700
- Level
- AS
Practise explaining how phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins and carbohydrate-bearing molecules give membranes their properties.
Fig. 1.1 is a diagram representing part of the phospholipid bilayer of a cell surface membrane.

Fig. 1.1
State one role of cholesterol in phospholipid bilayers.
any one from:
maintains / regulates, fluidity of membrane ;
A detail e.g. reduces fluidity at high temperature / increases fluidity at low temperature / AW
maintains / regulates, (mechanical) stability of membrane ; AW
prevents entry of, hydrophilic substances / polar substances / ions ;
without cholesterol membranes would easily rupture
flat ring (structure) interferes with the movement of fatty acid tails
reduces lateral movement of phospholipids