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CAIE A-Level Biology 17.2.3 Effects on Allele Frequencies

Practise explaining how selection, migration, genetic drift, founder events and bottlenecks alter allele frequencies, genetic diversity and extinction risk.

Syllabus
2028–2030
Course
Biology 9700
Level
A2

Exam points

  • distinguish selection-driven allele change from random genetic drift in small populations
  • trace founder or bottleneck events to allele loss, homozygosity and reduced diversity

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