CAIE IGCSE Biology EXTENDED 16.4.9 Function of the placenta & umbilical
CAIE IGCSE Biology EXTENDED 16.4.9 Function of the placenta & umbilical
Practise explaining exchange across the placenta and umbilical cord using gases, nutrients, wastes, barriers and diffusion adaptations.
How this is tested
- describe transfer of oxygen, nutrients and antibodies from maternal blood to fetal blood
- explain removal of CO2 and excretory products from fetus through placenta and umbilical cord
- use placenta diagrams to link large surface area and short diffusion distance to exchange