EduNinjaThe Indian muntjac deer, Muntiacus muntjak, is recorded as the mammal with the lowest number of chromosomes.
Fig. 2.1 is an image of the chromosomes in the nucleus of a diploid cell of a female muntjac deer.
Fig. 2.1
Explain how meiosis can result in variation in a species.
Use the words chromosome and gametes in your answer.
A scientist investigated sexual reproduction in flowering plants.
Fig. 2.1 shows the procedure for crossing two plants of the same species.
The scientist collected the seeds and germinated them. The leaves and flowers of the offspring plants showed phenotypic variation as they were not all identical to the parent plants.
The scientist then investigated the chromosomes of all the offspring plants and found that they had exactly the same number of chromosomes as the parent plants.
The chromosome number of the offspring plants is the same as the chromosome number of the parent plants in this investigation.
Explain how the chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next.
Fig. 3.2 shows the life cycle of a fern. The life cycle of a fern has some similarities and some differences compared with the life cycles of other plants.
The letters represent processes that occur during the life cycle.
The haploid stages of the life cycle are represented by (n).
The diploid stages of the life cycle are represented by (2 n).
Fig. 3.2
Identify and describe process A in Fig. 3.2.
Johnson grass, Sorghum halepense, is wind-pollinated.
Fig. 4.2 shows a section through a carpel shortly after pollination.
Fig. 4.2
Complete the sentences:
Pollen grains are formed in anthers. During their formation the number of chromosomes in the nuclei is halved by the process of This means the male nucleus A in the pollen tube is described as a nucleus. When nucleus A with nucleus B, the chromosome number doubles to form a nucleus. The name of this process is Then the divides by the process of to form an embryo.
Anthocyanin is a red pigment found in carnation flowers. Some carnation plants have a gene for making anthocyanin.
Meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction of carnation plants.
Define the term meiosis.
Meiosis and mitosis are important processes in the life cycles of organisms.
Fig. 3.1 shows the life cycles of two different organisms.
Organism 1 has a simple life cycle.
Organism 2 has a complex life cycle. It has a stage A that produces spores and a stage B that produces gametes.
In the diagrams, the haploid number of chromosomes is represented by n. The diploid number of chromosomes is represented by 2 n.
organism 1
organism 2
Fig. 3.1
State the name of process W shown in Fig. 3.1.
After fertilisation, how many chromosomes are in the zygote?
half as many as in an ovum
the same as in an ovum
the same as in a sperm
twice as many as in a sperm
The diagram shows a cell of an organism formed by reduction division. The nucleus contains 20 chromosomes.
What is the diploid number for this organism?
10
20
40
46
Grass plants are wind-pollinated. Fig. 5.1 shows a flower from a species of grass plant.
Fig. 5.1
State one letter in Fig. 5.1 that identifies a structure where meiosis occurs.
Which statement about meiosis is correct?
Meiosis produces diploid cells.
Meiosis produces genetically identical cells.
Meiosis produces gametes.
Meiosis produces cells for growth of tissues.