Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter

1.1 Introduction to the particulate nature of matter

1.2 The nuclear atom

1.3 Electron configurations

1.4 The mole

1.5 Ideal gases

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure

2.1 The ionic model

2.2 The covalent model

2.3 The metallic model

2.4 From models to materials

Structure 3. Classification of matter

3.1 The periodic table

3.2 Functional groups: Organic compounds

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?

1.1 Measuring enthalpy changes

1.2 Energy cycles

1.3 Energy from fuels

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?

2.1 Amount of chemical change

2.2 Rate of chemical change

2.3 Extent of chemical change

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?

3.1 Proton transfer reactions

3.2 Electron transfer reactions

3.3 Electron sharing reactions (Radicals)

3.4 Electron-pair sharing reactions

IB Chemistry SL 3.2 Functional groups: Organic compounds Question Bank

[Maximum number: 2]

The mass spectrum and infrared (IR) spectrum of a compound are shown below.

(a)

(i)

Deduce the structures of two possible isomers of propanoic acid consistent with the IR spectrum.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Ethyne, $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}$ , reacts with oxygen in welding torches.

(a)

Ethyne reacts with steam.

Two possible products are:

[ 1 ]

(i)

State the name of product B, applying IUPAC rules.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

An organic compound, A, has the following composition by mass when its only combustion products, carbon dioxide and water, are analysed.

(a)

Outline why this compound is not a hydrocarbon.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Chlorine undergoes many reactions.

(a)

(i)

Ethoxyethane (diethyl ether) can be used as a solvent for this conversion.

Draw the structural formula of ethoxyethane.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Methanoic acid (HCOOH) is the first member of the homologous series of carboxylic acids.

(a)

Outline what is meant by the term "homologous series".

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

A powder has the following percentage composition by mass:
30.0 % sucrose, $\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{O}_{11}$
45.0 % citric acid, $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{7}$
25.0 \% sodium hydrogencarbonate, $\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}$

In the presence of water, the powder effervesces as the citric acid reacts with the sodium hydrogencarbonate:

$3 \mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}(\mathrm{~s})+\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{7}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{3}\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{O}_{7}\right)(\mathrm{aq})+3 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+3 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l})$

(a)

(i)

State the number of acidic hydrogens in the citric acid molecule shown.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

A1. Compound P contains a carbonyl group (C=O) and has the molecular formula $\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}$ .

(a)

Draw the two possible structures of compound P.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

The structure of an unknown compound A with empirical formula $\mathrm{CH}_{2}$ can be determined using information from a variety of analytical techniques.

(a)

The infrared (IR) spectrum of A is shown below.

[ 1 ]

(i)

Deduce a structural formula consistent with the data.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Halogenoalkanes are used as refrigerants and solvents.

(a)

State the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name of substance $\mathbf{X}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHBrC}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3}$ .

[ 1 ]

(b)

Draw a structural isomer of molecule X.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

A student investigated the use of hand sanitising gel containing propan-1-ol as a camping fuel.

(a)

Ethanol and propan-1-ol are members of a homologous series.

[ 2 ]

(i)

State the names of the class of compound and the functional group of this series.

Class:
Functional group:

[ 2 ]

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