A Unity and Diversity

A1.1 Water

A1.2 Nucleic acids

A2.1 Origins of cells

A2.2 Cell structure

A2.3 Viruses [HL only]

A3.1 Diversity of organisms

A3.2 Classification and cladistics [HL only]

A4.1 Evolution and speciation

A4.2 Conservation of biodiversity

B Form and Function

B1.1 Carbohydrates and lipids

B1.2 Proteins

B2.1 Membranes and membrane transport

B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization

B2.3 Cell specialization

B3.1 Gas exchange

B3.2 Transport

B3.3 Muscle and motility [HL only]

B4.1 Adaptation to environment

B4.2 Ecological niches

C Interaction and Interdependence

C1.1 Enzymes and metabolism

C1.2 Cell respiration

C1.3 Photosynthesis

C2.1 Chemical signalling [HL only]

C2.2 Neural signalling

C3.1 Integration of body systems

C3.2 Defence against disease

C4.1 Populations and communities

C4.2 Transfers of energy and matter

D Continuity and Change

D1.1 DNA replication

D1.2 Protein synthesis

D1.3 Mutation and gene editing

D2.1 Cell and nuclear division

D2.2 Gene expression [HL only]

D2.3 Water potential

D3.1 Reproduction

D3.2 Inheritance

D3.2.1—Haploid gametes + fusion = diploid zygote

D3.2.2—Genetic crosses in flowering plants

D3.2.3—Genotype

D3.2.4—Phenotype

D3.2.5—Dominant and recessive alleles

D3.2.6—Phenotypic plasticity

D3.2.7—Phenylketonuria (PKU)

D3.2.8—SNPs and multiple alleles

D3.2.9—ABO blood groups

D3.2.10—Incomplete dominance and codominance

D3.2.11—Sex determination

D3.2.12—Haemophilia

D3.2.13—Pedigree charts

D3.2.14—Continuous variation

D3.2.15—Box-and-whisker plots

D3.2.16 (HL)—Segregation and independent assortment

D3.2.17 (HL)—Dihybrid crosses

D3.2.18 (HL)—Human gene loci

D3.2.19 (HL)—Autosomal gene linkage

D3.2.20 (HL)—Recombinants

D3.2.21 (HL)—Chi-squared test

D3.3 Homeostasis

D4.1 Natural selection

D4.2 Stability and change

D4.3 Climate change

IB Biology HL D3.2.18 (HL)—Human gene loci Question Bank

• Genome databases identify human gene loci and polypeptide products

• Genes on different chromosomes are unlinked; close loci on one chromosome can be linked

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