Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry B Crude Oil Questions

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

Crude oil is an important source of organic compounds.

Some cars in Brazil use ethanol, $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}$, as a fuel instead of petrol.
The ethanol is made by the fermentation of glucose which is obtained from sugar cane.
The sugar is extracted from the sugar cane and then dissolved in water to make a sugar solution.

State what is meant by the term fuel.

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

Name the process used to separate crude oil into fractions.

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

Give one use of the kerosene fraction.

Crude oil is an important source of organic compounds.

The diagram shows crude oil being separated into different fractions.

Describe the differences between fraction B and fraction E.

In your answer, refer to
- size of the molecules
- boiling point
- colour
- viscosity

This question is about hydrocarbons.

One homologous series of hydrocarbons is the alkanes.

Pentane $\left(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12}\right)$ is an alkane.

Incomplete combustion can occur when the oxygen supply is limited.

Give the names of two products of the incomplete combustion of pentane.

1 ................................
2 ................................

This question is about hydrocarbons.

One homologous series of hydrocarbons is the alkanes.

Pentane $\left(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12}\right)$ is an alkane.

One of the products of incomplete combustion is a poisonous gas.

State why this gas is poisonous to humans.

This question is about octane $\left(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18}\right)$ which is produced in the gasoline fraction during fractional distillation of crude oil.

A car is driven at constant speed for 4.00 km .

The exhaust gases are collected and their volume at room temperature and pressure (rtp) is $5.02 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~cm}^{3}$.

The exhaust gases include carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen.
The carbon dioxide is removed from the exhaust gases. The volume of the remaining gases at rtp is $2.96 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~cm}^{3}$.

Explain how oxides of nitrogen form in a car engine.

Crude oil is an important source of organic compounds.

Crude oil often contains sulfur as an impurity.

Explain why this is a problem when using crude oil fractions as fuels.

This question is about octane $\left(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18}\right)$ which is produced in the gasoline fraction during fractional distillation of crude oil.

A car is driven at constant speed for 4.00 km .

The exhaust gases are collected and their volume at room temperature and pressure (rtp) is $5.02 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~cm}^{3}$.

The exhaust gases include carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen.
The carbon dioxide is removed from the exhaust gases. The volume of the remaining gases at rtp is $2.96 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~cm}^{3}$.

Give a reason why oxides of nitrogen should not be released into the atmosphere.

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

Catalytic cracking is used to convert long-chain alkanes into shorter-chain alkanes.

Explain why it is necessary to convert long-chain alkanes into shorter-chain alkanes.