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3. Movement into and out of cells

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  1. 3.1 Diffusion

    1. 3.1.1Diffusion

      • Describe diffusion as the net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration (i.e. down a concentration gradient), as a result of their random movement

    2. 3.1.2Energy for diffusion comes

      • State that the energy for diffusion comes from the kinetic energy of random movement of molecules and ions

    3. 3.1.3Diffusion through cell membranes

      • State that some substances move into and out of cells by diffusion through the cell membrane

    4. 3.1.4Importance of diffusion

      • Describe the importance of diffusion of gases and solutes in living organisms

    5. 3.1.5Factors that influence diffusion

      • Investigate the factors that influence diffusion, limited to: surface area, temperature, concentration gradient and distance

  2. 3.2 Osmosis

    1. 3.2.1Water as a solvent

      • Describe the role of water as a solvent in organisms with reference to digestion, excretion and transport

    2. 3.2.2Water diffuses through partially

      • State that water diffuses through partially permeable membranes by osmosis

    3. 3.2.3Osmosis through cell membranes

      • State that water moves into and out of cells by osmosis through the cell membrane

    4. 3.2.4Osmosis using materials such

      • Investigate osmosis using materials such as dialysis tubing

    5. 3.2.5Effects on plant tissues of immersing

      • Investigate and describe the effects on plant tissues of immersing them in solutions of different concentrations

    6. 3.2.6Plants are supported by the pressure

      • State that plants are supported by the pressure of water inside the cells pressing outwards on the cell wall

    7. 3.2.7Osmosis as the net movement of water

      • Describe osmosis as the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (dilute solution) to a region of lower water potential (concentrated solution), through a partially permeable membrane

    8. 3.2.8Effects on plant cells of immersing

      • Explain the effects on plant cells of immersing them in solutions of different concentrations by using the terms: turgid, turgor pressure, plasmolysis, flaccid

    9. 3.2.9Importance of water potential

      • Explain the importance of water potential and osmosis in the uptake and loss of water by organisms

  3. 3.3 Active transport

    1. 3.3.1Active transport as the movement

      • Describe active transport as the movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration (i.e. against a concentration gradient), using energy from respiration

    2. 3.3.2Importance of active transport

      • Explain the importance of active transport as a process for movement of molecules or ions across membranes, including ion uptake by root hairs

    3. 3.3.3Protein carriers move molecules or

      • State that protein carriers move molecules or ions across a membrane during active transport