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13. Excretion in humans

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  1. 13.1 Excretion in humans

    1. 13.1.1Carbon dioxide is excreted through

      • State that carbon dioxide is excreted through the lungs

    2. 13.1.2Kidneys excrete urea and excess water

      • State that the kidneys excrete urea and excess water and ions

    3. 13.1.3Kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

      • Identify in diagrams and images the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

    4. 13.1.4Structure of the kidney

      • Identify in diagrams and images the structure of the kidney, limited to the cortex and medulla

    5. 13.1.5Structure and function of a nephron

      • Outline the structure and function of a nephron and its associated blood vessels, limited to: (a) the role of the glomerulus in the filtration from the blood of water, glucose, urea and ions (b) the role of the nephron in the reabsorption of all of the glucose, some of the ions and most of the water back into the blood (c) the formation of urine containing urea, excess water and excess ions (details of these processes are not required)

    6. 13.1.6Role of the liver in the assimilation

      • Describe the role of the liver in the assimilation of amino acids by converting them to proteins

    7. 13.1.7Urea is formed in the liver

      • State that urea is formed in the liver from excess amino acids

    8. 13.1.8Deamination as the removal

      • Describe deamination as the removal of the nitrogen-containing part of amino acids to form urea

    9. 13.1.9Importance of excretion

      • Explain the importance of excretion, limited to toxicity of urea