IB Physics HL B.5.1 Cells provide a source of emf Question Bank
Practise IB Physics HL B.5.1 by defining emf and interpreting energy-per-charge measurements in cells and circuits.
- Syllabus
- First assessment 2025
- Course
- Physics HL
- Level
- HL
Practise IB Physics HL B.5.1 by defining emf and interpreting energy-per-charge measurements in cells and circuits.
A cell is connected to an ideal voltmeter, a switch S and a resistor R. The resistance of R is 4.0Ω.

When S is open the reading on the voltmeter is 12 V . When S is closed the voltmeter reads 8.0 V .
State the emf of the cell.
12∨