IB ESS SL 2.2 Energy and Biomass in Ecosystems Topic Practice

Transfers: [3 max]
a. Carbon dioxide diffuses into leaves;
b. Nitrates/phosphates/(inorganic) minerals diffuse/actively transported into roots;
c. Water is taken up/diffuses into roots;
d. Sugars translocated from leaves to other parts of the plant;
e. Water vapour/oxygen diffuses out of leaves;
f. Organic matter is transferred to next trophic level/decomposers through feeding

Transformations: [3 max]
a. Conversion of carbon dioxide/water into organic matter/glucose/oxygen in photosynthesis;
b. Conversion of some organic matter into inorganic matter/CO2/water through respiration;
c. Conversion of glucose to other organic compounds in metabolism;
d. Water evaporates through leaves in transpiration;
e. Conversion of organic matter to inorganic matter through decomposition

Only credit transfers/transformations referring to matter (not energy).

a. $\quad \mathrm{CO}_{2} /$ greenhouse gas emissions lead to increasing global/atmospheric temperatures;
b. Increased temps may cause increase in rate of photosynthesis/increased productivity;
c. ...or may cause evaporation of water/desertification/drought;
d. ...extreme temperatures could result in enzyme denaturation/decreasing productivity;
e. $\quad \mathrm{CO}_{2}$ emissions may increase rate of photosynthesis increasing productivity;
f. Extreme weather events from $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ concentration/global warming resulting in droughts/floods/saline inundation/forest fires;
g. $\quad \mathrm{NO}_{\mathrm{x}}$ may cause depletion of stratospheric ozone and increased exposure to UV radiation;
h. ...which will damage plants \& reduce primary productivity;
i. $\quad \mathrm{NO}_{\mathrm{x}} /$ hydrocarbons may cause photochemical smog that damages plants/reduces primary productivity;
j. $\quad \mathrm{NO}_{\mathrm{x}} /$ hydrocarbons may produce tropospheric ozone further increasing atmospheric temperatures;
k. NOx/SOx are sources of acid deposition that can alter soil pH/damage plants reducing productivity;
I. ...also causing the leaching of soil nutrients which reduces productivity;
m. ...or causing the release of toxic metal ions that damage plants, reducing productivity;
n. ...reduction in primary productivity is likely to cause loss of secondary productivity;

Accept other reasonable responses linked to productivity of ecosystem.