IB ESS HL 7.1.17 Hl Renewable Resource Extraction Questions

eg hydropower (accept other valid examples of renewable energy): hydropower is renewable because the water flow is replenished by the water cycle;
building the dam will inhibit migration of fish reducing their populations;
involve the flooding/destruction of terrestrial ecosystems;
cause sedimentation that will lead to more flooding upstream;
involve use of non-renewable building materials;
construction/maintenance involves heavy use of fossil fuels/GHG production;
reduced downstream flow threatening riverine populations/species;
(reduced downstream flow threatening) associated terrestrial systems dependent on water flow eg floodplains/wetlands;
building of access roads/growth of recreational activity may lead to damage of terrestrial/riparian systems;
may increase water loss/scarcity through increased evaporation rates;
impacts of dam may reduce sustainability of local populations through eg reduced fishing/breeding ground for parasites/loss of agricultural land;
eg solar energy:
solar energy is renewable because of continuous input/insolation;
energy for panel construction/extraction of silicon involves use of fossil fuels/GHG production;
production utilizes plastics derived from (non-renewable) fossil fuels;
manufacture results in plastic waste that is non-biodegradable;
require metals/elements that are non-renewable resources;
(metals/elements) extracted through mining that damages habitats/ecosystems;
manufacture involves use/production of many industrial toxins/hazardous waste;
manufacture/operation requires considerable water supply (for cooling etc);
transport of materials for manufacture/installation impacts environment;
limited life span/decommissioning will lead to further waste;
solar farms can take up/displace large areas of natural ecosystems;

Marking guidance: