IB ESS HL 1.2.4 Types of Flows Question Bank
Distinguish transfers of energy or matter from transformations of chemical nature, state or energy.
- Syllabus
- First assessment 2026
- Course
- ESS HL
- Level
- HL
Exam points
- identify the system boundary and relevant components
- classify each flow or exchange precisely
- explain the system behaviour using energy, matter and interaction terms
1.2.4—Types of flows question 1
Figure:Relationship of cloud forest with hydrological cycle
Figure: Cloud forest tree adaptation for water condensation and absorption
Trees in the Mindo cloud forest have several adaptations that are crucial for their survival. These adaptations include:
- Fog drip utilization: this is when water droplets in fog condense on the leaves and drip to the forest floor. This increases the water content in the soil at the base of the tree.
- Leaf structure: leaves are often smaller and thicker, reducing water loss from transpiration. The leaves are also able to absorb water directly via a process called foliar uptake, more efficiently than trees outside of the cloud forest.
- Tree crowns: the crown or top of the tree disrupts wind driven cloud moisture forming fog drip.
Identify one transfer and one transformation in the hydrological cycle shown in Figures: Relationship of cloud forest with hydrological cycle and Cloud forest tree adaptation for water condensation and absorption.
Transfer:
Transformation:
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