CourseCourse QuestionQuestion

IB Environmental Systems and Societies

Topic 1: Foundation

1.1 Perspectives

1.3 Sustainability

1.3.1—Sustainability definition

1.3.2—Three pillars of sustainability

1.3.3—Environmental sustainability

1.3.4—Social sustainability

1.3.5—Economic sustainability

1.3.6—Sustainable development

1.3.7—Ecosystem collapse

1.3.8—GDP limitations

1.3.9—Environmental justice

1.3.10—Inequality and resource access

1.3.11—Scales of sustainability and justice

1.3.12—Sustainability indicators

1.3.13—Ecological footprints

1.3.14—Carbon and water footprints

1.3.15—Biocapacity

1.3.16—Citizen science

1.3.17—Sustainability frameworks

1.3.18—UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

1.3.19—Planetary boundaries model

1.3.20—Doughnut economics model

1.3.21—Circular economy model

Topic 2: Ecology

Topic 3: Biodiversity and conservation

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change

Topic 7: Natural resources

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems

IB/ESS/HL//Concept/Topic 1: Foundation/1.3 Sustainability/1.3.6—Sustainable development

Topic 1: Foundation

Syllabus: First assessment 2026
Section: —
Level: HL

Exam analysis

Most tested topics

Perspectives
Systems
Sustainability