5.3.1 (HL)—Lean production features

Lean production aims to deliver customer value with minimal waste, using smooth flow, pull, small batches, low inventory and continuous improvement.

Waste includes defects, waiting, overproduction, excess movement, inventory and unused capability. Removing one waste can expose another bottleneck, so the whole flow must be monitored.

Map the process, identify non-value-adding steps and test whether a change improves flow without reducing quality.

A factory rearranges tools at the workstation to cut walking time; output rises only if the new layout does not create safety or inspection delays.

Lean is not simply cutting staff or inventory; it is waste reduction while preserving customer value.