Course review
Review each learning objective in this topic, then open its concept explanation or question set.
Learning objective
• Water forms hydration shells around ions and polar solutes • Hydrogen bonding and charge attraction reduce free water movement
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
• Water moves by osmosis across partially permeable membranes • It moves from hypotonic/lower solute solutions toward hypertonic/higher solute solutions
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
• Osmosis direction depends on internal and external solute concentration • Isotonic conditions have dynamic water movement but no net osmosis
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Learning objective
• Plant tissue changes mass or length when placed in sucrose solutions • Percentage change graphs estimate isotonic/osmotic concentration
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.
Learning objective
• Animal cells can lyse in hypotonic solutions and crenate in hypertonic solutions • Freshwater protists use contractile vacuoles to expel excess water
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Learning objective
• Plant cells become turgid in hypotonic solutions as vacuoles swell • Hypertonic solutions cause flaccidity and plasmolysis from water loss
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Learning objective
• Isotonic saline prevents harmful water gain or loss in body cells • IV fluids and transplant organ baths must match tissue osmotic concentration
Start with the concept explanation, then practise to create mastery evidence.