AP Biology 6.6.A Transcription Factors and Promoters

Practise AP Biology 6.6.A questions by explaining how promoters, enhancers and transcription factors regulate transcription and phenotype.

Exam points

explain how promoters, enhancers and transcription factors initiate or repress transcription
connect tissue-specific regulatory sequences to differential gene expression and phenotype
predict how regulatory mutations change mRNA or protein production in a cell

[Maximum number: 1]

Lactase is the enzyme needed to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk. Most mammals produce lactase when they are young but once nursing ends. In humans however, many people continue to produce lactase into adulthood and are referred to as lactase-persistent. Which of the following mutations is most likely to cause lactase persistence in humans?

Figure 1. The relative concentrations of both the cyclin and CDK components of MPF

A nucleotide substitution in the coding region of the lactase gene that interferes with the interaction between lactase and lactose

A mutation that turns off the expression of transcription factors that activate the expression of lactase

A mutation that increases the binding of transcription factors to the promoter of the lactase gene

The insertion of a single nucleotide into the lactase gene that results in the formation of a codon

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6.6.A—Explain how the binding of transcription factors to promoter regions affects gene expression and the phenotype… question 1