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Edexcel A-Level Chemistry A2 18.2 The Delocalised Model for the Structure of Benzene Involves Overlap of P Orbitals to Form Bonds Questions

State the bonding model clearly: carbon sigma bonds form in the ring, while p orbitals overlap sideways above and below the plane to make delocalised π electrons.

Syllabus
First assessment 2019
Course
Chemistry YCH11
Level
A2

Exam points

  • Describe sideways p-orbital overlap above and below the benzene ring plane.
  • Count sigma and π bonds or delocalised electrons in benzene and related arenes.
  • Use dichlorobenzene isomer evidence to support the delocalised benzene model.

Edexcel A-Level Chemistry A2 18.2 The Delocalised Model for the Structure of Benzene Involves Overlap of P Orbitals to Form Bonds Questions question 1

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In 1865, Friedrich August Kekulé suggested a structure for benzene which consisted of alternating single and double carbon-carbon bonds.

Figure for Question Edexcel A-Level Chemistry A2 18.2 The Delocalised Model for the Structure of Benzene Involves Overlap of P Orbitals to Form Bonds Questions question 1 — Edexcel A-Level Chemistry A2

Kekulé structure
However, modern analytical techniques indicate a structure in which the electrons are delocalised.

Figure for Question Edexcel A-Level Chemistry A2 18.2 The Delocalised Model for the Structure of Benzene Involves Overlap of P Orbitals to Form Bonds Questions question 1 — Edexcel A-Level Chemistry A2

delocalised structure

Describe the structure of benzene in terms of the atomic orbitals involved, the bonds formed and the delocalised electrons.

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