An explanation that includes four of the following points:
- cellulose molecules can be organised into microfibrils. (1)
- (due to layers of) \{cellulose / microfibrils\} arranged in \{different directions / a mesh\} (1)
- \{hydrogen bonds in cellulose molecules / hydrogen bonds in microfibrils / layers (of microfibrils) / lignin / secondary thickening / pectate\} add \{strength / support / stability\} (1)
- \{(cellulose) microfibrils / mesh\} held together by \{pectin / pectate\} (1)
- lignin makes \{outside of xylem vessels / cell wall\} impermeable (to water) (1)
- the structure of lignin described (1)
ACCEPT lignin arrangement contributes to \{rigidity / flexibility\} (of vessel)
ACCEPT cellulose microfibrils can't slide over each other
ACCEPT lignin makes \{cell walls / xylem\} waterproof
e.g. rings, spirals, ladders
(4)