Practise identifying frictional, structural, cyclical, seasonal and technological unemployment from causes, scenarios and labour-market changes, with appropriate policy responses.
Explain three causes of unemployment and consider which cause is likely to be most damaging to a high-income economy.
Follow the point-based marking guidance at the top of this mark scheme and award:
up to 3 marks for AO1 Knowledge and understanding up to 3 marks for AO2 Analysis
up to 2 marks for AO3 Evaluation.
AO1 Knowledge and Understanding (max 3 marks)
For a clear and accurate explanation of three causes of unemployment from frictional, structural, cyclical (demand deficient), seasonal or technological (3×1).
AO2 Analysis (max 3 marks)
Each cause identified must be analysed, and judgements made about how damaging it might be for a high-income economy ( 3×1 ). For example, points to consider may include:
- Frictional unemployment may be dependent on information provision.
- Structural unemployment may be permanent and difficult to solve.
- Cyclical unemployment depends on the economic cycle.
- Seasonal depends on alternative sources of employment.
- Technological depends on occupational or geographical immobility of labour.
AO3 Evaluation (max 2 marks)
For an answer that clearly assesses how damaging each cause may be to a high-income developed economy in comparison with each other (1) that leads to a justified conclusion as to which may be the most damaging (1).
AO1 Knowledge and understanding
AO2 Analysis
AO3 Evaluation