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CAIE A-Level Economics AS 4.2.1 Circular Flow of Income Questions

Practise explaining closed and open circular-flow models, identifying injections and leakages, and evaluating how international trade changes equilibrium income.

Syllabus
2026–2028
Course
Economics 9708
Level
AS

Exam points

  • Explain the circular flow of income in closed and open economies, including injections, leakages and the effect of trade.

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