CAIE A-Level Chemistry 36.1.3 Analysing Organic Synthesis Routes

Practise explaining each step of a supplied route through reagents, conditions, reaction type and by-products.

Exam points

compare structures before and after each arrow to name the reaction type from the actual bond changes
supply reagents and conditions consistent with both the transformation and functional groups present
deduce possible by-products from alternative reaction sites, substitution positions or repeated reaction

[Maximum number: 5]

(a)

3-aminobenzoic acid can be synthesised from methylbenzene in three steps. methylbenzene

Figure for Question (a) — CAIE A-Level Chemistry A2

[ 5 ]

(i)

Draw the structures of M and N in the boxes.

[ 2 ]

(ii)

Suggest reagents and conditions for each step of the synthesis. step 1
step 2
step 3

[ 3 ]

M1: step 1 hot $\mathrm{KMnO}_{4} / \mathrm{MnO}_{4}{ }^{-}$

M2: step 2 conc. $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$ and conc. $\mathrm{HNO}_{3}$

M3: step 3 Sn and conc. HCl (heat)

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36.1.3—Analyse question 1

Question (a)

Question (i)

Question (ii)