Practise acid-strength explanations, oxidation tests and interconversions of acids, acyl chlorides and derivatives, selecting reagents, conditions and mechanisms for each route.
Benzophenone can be synthesised from benzoic acid in two steps as shown.
In step 1 compound J, a reactive reaction intermediate, is formed.
Compound J then reacts with an organic compound, K, to form benzophenone.
benzoic acid
Suggest reagents and conditions for step 1.
Benzophenone can also be synthesised in two steps from bromomethylbenzene.
Name the mechanism of step 3 and suggest reagents and conditions for step 3 .
mechanism of step 3
reagents and conditions
P can be used to make compound Q in a single step reaction.
Give the structural formula of the compound that is added to P to make Q and give the formula of the other product of this reaction.
compound added to P
other product
Benzene can be used to make benzoic acid in the two-step process shown in Fig. 7.1.
Fig. 7.1
When treated with a chlorine-containing reagent under suitable conditions, benzoic acid forms compound L.
When treated with a different chlorine-containing reagent under different conditions, benzoic acid forms compound M.
Suggest and draw structures of compounds L and M in the boxes. The molecular formula of each product is given.
State the reagents and conditions to form compound M from benzoic acid.
Fig. 6.1 shows two reactions of ethanedioic acid, HOOCCOOH .
Fig. 6.1
Draw the organic product G in the box in Fig. 6.1.
In Fig. 6.1, is given as the reagent that reacts with HOOCCOOH to produce G.
Identify a different reagent that also reacts with HOOCCOOH to produce G.
Identify two different reagents that oxidise HOOCCOOH to form carbon dioxide and water.
HOOCCOOH ionises as shown.
HOOCCOOH is a much stronger acid than methanoic acid, HCOOH .
Suggest an explanation for this difference in acidity.