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CAIE A-Level Chemistry 36.1.2 Devising Multi-Step Organic Syntheses

Practise designing ordered synthesis routes with valid intermediates, reagents and conditions from the syllabus.

Syllabus
2028–2030
Course
Chemistry 9701
Level
A2

Exam points

  • work backwards from the target functional group to a plausible precursor connected by a syllabus reaction
  • order steps to protect required groups or exploit directing effects before choosing reagents and conditions
  • draw each intermediate and verify its carbon skeleton, functional groups and fit with the next step

36.1.2—Devise multi-step synthetic routes question 1

[Maximum number: 3]

Procaine is used as an anaesthetic in medicine. It can be synthesised from methylbenzene in five steps as shown in Fig. 7.1.

Fig. 7.1

Fig. 7.1

Procaine is synthesised in three steps from X.

Suggest the reagents and conditions for step 4 and for step 5 in Fig. 7.1.
step 4
step 5

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