CAIE A-Level Chemistry 36.1.2 Devising Multi-Step Organic Syntheses
Practise designing ordered synthesis routes with valid intermediates, reagents and conditions from the syllabus.
- Syllabus
- 2028–2030
- Course
- Chemistry 9701
- Level
- A2
Practise designing ordered synthesis routes with valid intermediates, reagents and conditions from the syllabus.
Procaine is used as an anaesthetic in medicine. It can be synthesised from methylbenzene in five steps as shown in Fig. 7.1.

Fig. 7.1
Procaine is synthesised in three steps from X.
Suggest the reagents and conditions for step 4 and for step 5 in Fig. 7.1.
step 4
step 5
step 4 M1 HOCH2CH2 N(CH2CH3)2
step 5 M2 Sn AND HCl
M3 concentrated (HCl) AND heat / reflux