CAIE A-Level Chemistry 28.3.2 d-orbital splitting

Practise completing d-orbital splitting diagrams for isolated ions and octahedral or tetrahedral transition-metal complexes.

Exam points

draw five degenerate 3d orbitals for an isolated transition-metal ion
show octahedral splitting as two higher and three lower d orbitals
show tetrahedral splitting as three higher and two lower d orbitals

[Maximum number: 2]

The 3d orbitals in an isolated $\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}$ ion are degenerate.

Complete the diagram to show the relative energies of the 3 d orbitals in an isolated $\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}$ ion and in $\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}$ in a tetrahedral complex.

Figure for Question 28.3.2—d-orbital splitting question 1 — CAIE A-Level Chemistry A2

[2]

five 3d orbitals (lines, boxes) in the isolated $\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}$ ion of the same energy

- splitting: three higher and two lower d orbitals

- energy of all five d orbitals in complex higher than all d orbitals in isolated ion any two [1], all three [2]

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28.3.2—d-orbital splitting question 1