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CAIE A-Level Chemistry 28.2.2 Ligands and Coordinate Bonding

Practise defining ligands and identifying the donor atom and lone pair that form a dative bond to a metal ion.

Syllabus
2028–2030
Course
Chemistry 9701
Level
A2

Exam points

  • define a ligand as a species donating a lone pair to a central metal atom or ion
  • identify the donor atom carrying the lone pair, such as N in CH3NH2 or C in CN−
  • draw the dative bond from ligand to metal and distinguish one donor site from ligand charge

28.2.2—Terms: ligand as a species that contains question 1

[Maximum number: 1]

Ruthenium and osmium are transition metals below iron in Group 8 of the Periodic Table.

Fig. 4.1 shows another ruthenium complex.

Fig. 4.1

Fig. 4.1

This complex contains the neutral ligand pyrazine.

Figure for Question 28.2.2—Terms: ligand as a species that contains question 1 — CAIE A-Level Chemistry A2

Suggest how pyrazine is able to bond to two separate ruthenium ions.

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