CAIE A-Level Chemistry 23.1.3 Born–Haber Cycles for Ionic Solids

Practise constructing Born–Haber cycles for ionic solids containing +1/+2 cations and −1/−2 anions.

Exam points

start from elements in standard states and include atomisation before ionisation or electron gain
apply every ionisation energy and electron affinity required by the ionic charges and formula ratio
show gaseous atoms, gaseous ions, electrons and solid product with correct state symbols

[Maximum number: 2]

Calcium metal reacts with chlorine gas to form calcium chloride, $\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$ .

Complete a fully labelled Born-Haber cycle that could be used to calculate the lattice energy, $\Delta H_{\text {latt }}^{\ominus}$ , for calcium chloride.

Figure for Question 23.1.3—Born–Haber cycles for ionic solids question 1 — CAIE A-Level Chemistry A2

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23.1.3—Born–Haber cycles for ionic solids question 1