CAIE A-Level Biology AS 8.2.2 Chloride Shift and Its Importance Questions
Explain the chloride shift and its importance in carbon dioxide transport using evidence from each question and mark scheme.
- Syllabus
- 2028–2030
- Course
- Biology 9700
- Level
- AS
Exam points
- Explain the chloride shift and its importance in carbon dioxide transport.
CAIE A-Level Biology AS 8.2.2 Chloride Shift and Its Importance Questions question 1
Control of heartbeat is myogenic. This means the electrical activity controlling the rhythm of a regular heartbeat begins in the heart muscle itself.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an abnormal heart rhythm that causes rapid and irregular contractions of the atria. Untreated cases of AF can lead to a stroke.
Red blood cells are involved in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
Fig. 5.1 is a diagram representing the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between a red blood cell in a capillary and a respiring cell. Some of the reactions that take place in the red blood cell are also shown. The diagram is not drawn to scale.
Fig. 5.1
The hydrogencarbonate ions shown in Fig. 5.1 leave the red blood cell and are replaced by chloride ions.
State why it is necessary for chloride ions to enter the red blood cell as hydrogencarbonate ions leave.
All question bank results loaded