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CAIE A-Level Biology 12.1.3 ATP Synthesis

Practise distinguishing direct phosphate transfer in substrate-level phosphorylation from proton flow through ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation or photophosphorylation.

Syllabus
2028–2030
Course
Biology 9700
Level
A2

Exam points

  • identify substrate-level phosphorylation as direct phosphate transfer to ADP
  • trace proton movement down an electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase
  • compare oxidative phosphorylation in cristae with photophosphorylation in thylakoids

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