CAIE IGCSE Chemistry Fermentation and Ethene Hydration

Practise describing both ethanol-manufacturing routes with reactants, equations, temperature, pressure, catalyst or yeast and oxygen conditions.

Exam points

for fermentation, use aqueous glucose, yeast, no oxygen and about 25 to 35 °C
balance glucose forming two ethanol and two carbon dioxide molecules during fermentation
for hydration, react ethene with steam near 300 °C and 60 atm using an acid catalyst

[Maximum number: 5]

Ethanol is manufactured by two methods:
method 1 fermentation of aqueous glucose
method 2 catalytic addition of steam to an alkene.

(a)

Method 1 takes place at room temperature and pressure.

State two other conditions needed in method 1.
1

2

[ 2 ]

(b)

State the typical temperature and pressure used in method 2.
temperature ${ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$
pressure kPa

[ 2 ]

(c)

Name the alkene used in method 2 .

[ 1 ]

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