Practise alcohol structures and reactions, ethanol manufacture by fermentation or hydration and comparisons of conditions, purity and feedstock sustainability.
Ethanol is manufactured by two methods:
method 1 fermentation of aqueous glucose
method 2 catalytic addition of steam to an alkene.
Method 1 takes place at room temperature and pressure.
State two other conditions needed in method 1.
1
2
M1 yeast (1)
M2 absence of air (1)
State the typical temperature and pressure used in method 2.
temperature ∘C
pressure kPa
M1 300 (1)
M2 6000 (1)
Name the alkene used in method 2 .
ethene
Give one advantage of each method of production of ethanol.
method 1
method 2
M1 uses renewable resources (1)
M2 high rate of reaction (1)
Ethanol, C2H5OH, belongs to the homologous series called alcohols.
Ethanol can be manufactured from different substances by reaction with steam or by fermentation.
Give the formula of the substance which reacts with steam to form ethanol.
C2H4
Name a substance which will undergo fermentation to form ethanol.
glucose
Ethanol is a fuel.
Write the chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethanol.
C2H5OH+3O2→3H2O+2CO2
species (1) correct equation (1)
A list of substances is shown.
> ammonia bauxite carbon dioxide carbon monoxide ethanol hematite oxygen sodium chloride sulfur dioxide
Answer the questions using the list of substances.
Each substance may be used once, more than once or not at all.
State which substance is:
used as a fuel ..... [1]
ethanol