C.4 Standing waves and resonance

• Standing waves form by superposition of identical opposite-travelling waves.

• Identify nodes, antinodes, amplitude and phase along standing waves.

• Include relative amplitude and phase difference along the standing wave.

• Know standing-wave patterns in strings and pipes.

• Resonance relates driving frequency, natural frequency and amplitude.

• Damping reduces maximum amplitude and shifts resonant frequency.

• Compare light, critical and heavy damping effects.