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IB ESS HL 6.4.12 Hl Hfcs Questions

Practise IB ESS HL 006.004.012 by applying hfcs concepts to environmental systems questions.

Syllabus
First assessment 2026
Course
ESS HL
Level
HL

Exam points

  • explain why HFCs were phased out under the Kigali Amendment because they are potent greenhouse gases
  • identify the role of technological alternatives and financial assistance in the HFC phase-out
  • describe how the Kigali Amendment controls HFCs while protecting the ozone layer

IB ESS HL 6.4.12 Hl Hfcs Questions question 1

[Maximum number: 2]

The hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica, discovered in the 1980s, was caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The Montreal Protocol requires the use of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) or hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) instead of CFCs (Figure 3). However, these two gases are also linked to environmental problems (Figure 4).

Figure 3: Comparison of the effects of CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs

Figure 3:Comparison of the effects of CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs

Figure 4: HCFCs and HFCs cause less damage than CFCs but still affect the environment

Figure 4:HCFCs and HFCs cause less damage than CFCs but still affect the environment

Outline why governments agreed to phase out the use of HFCs from 2019 in the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol.

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