IB ESS HL 5.1.6 Soil Transfers Questions

Transfers: [2max]
a. leaching of dissolved nutrients;
b. percolation/infiltration of water;
c. water/mineral uptake by plants;
d. erosion of material by wind/water/landslides;
e. mixing of soil by animals (includes any translocation by humans);
Transformations: [2max]
f. rock weathering;
g. decomposition of dead organic matter;
h. nitrification/denitrification by microorganisms / nitrogen fixation by free-living soil bacteria;
i. respiration by soil organisms/roots;
j. evaporation of soil water...;
k. ...leading to salinization of soil (solid ionic salt instead of dissolved);
I. soil water/permafrost freezing/thawing;
m. soil compaction (transforms air pores/physical change);
Note: Do not credit falling organic matter, littering, surface organisms dying, flooding, dust, rainfall, transpiration, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation by lightning as these do not occur "within" the soil.
Do not credit as single terms: evaporation, respiration, freezing, thawing, leaching, if not clearly linked to soil.
Flows should be clearly identified as transfers or as transformations for credit.