IB ESS HL 1.1.10 Environmental Movement Influences

eg Rachel Carson - Author of Silent Spring (1962);
Silent Spring documented/highlighted the problems caused by the widespread use of synthetic pesticides; focus was placed on the activities of chemical companies; explained impact of use of insecticides/pesticides on birds of prey;
led to widespread awareness amongst (American) public of environmental issues/bioaccumulation/biomagnification; was a focal point for the social/environmental movements of the 1960s;
inspired many other environmentalists;
led to ban on DDT for agricultural uses;
inspired the formation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; eg Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster of 2011;
a natural disaster/earthquake/tsunami led to the biggest nuclear disaster since Chernobyl at Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant; estimates vary about the number of people affected by the disaster/no direct deaths initially/over 600 deaths by workers/thousands with increased risk of cancers;
as the disaster was able to happen in a "developed" country like Japan, many societies came to the conclusion that nuclear power could not be "safe"; this has led to increased public pressure to phase out nuclear power generation; eg Germany sped up plans to close nuclear reactors/over 90 % of Italy voted against government plans to expand nuclear power/Switzerland also decided to phase out nuclear power;

Marking guidance:

Award [1max] for correctly identifying/naming two historical influences. Award credit for valid statements that describe the personality/event; explain how it has influenced the movement; and explain exactly what gave rise to the influence. If more than two events/personalities are addressed credit only the highest-scoring two.
Award [4max] for each explanation of how historical influences shaped the development of environmentalism up to max of 7 marks.