Learning objective
HL.a.1—Laws definition
• Rules governing human behaviour • Enforced by social or governmental authority
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Course review
HL.a Environmental law
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Learning objective
HL.a.2—Environmental law
• Rules on natural resource use and impact • Aims: improve social and ecological sustainability • Covers: resource management, pollution, biodiversity, development projects
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Learning objective
HL.a.3—Environmental justice and lobbying
• Can address environmental justice • Difficult to approve due to lobbying • Prevent overexploitation for short-term minority interests
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Learning objective
HL.a.4—Environmental law frameworks
• Built into existing legal frameworks • Success varies by country • Requires: enforcement, social acceptance, adequate funding
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Learning objective
HL.a.5—Environmental constitutionalism
• Environmental rights/obligations in constitution • Growing internationally • Addresses climate change issues
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Learning objective
HL.a.6—Environmental law levels
• Local, national, international • Higher levels supersede lower levels • Examples at each scale
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Learning objective
HL.a.7—International law framework
• Addresses transboundary issues • Pollution and resource management • Examples: ASEAN Haze Pollution, FAO fishing plan
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Learning objective
HL.a.8—UN conventions and protocols
• Legally binding to signatories • Challenging and slow to develop • Examples: Montreal Protocol, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement
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Learning objective
HL.a.9—International institutions
• Generated by international agreements • Aid implementation • Examples: CITES, IUCN
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Learning objective
HL.a.10—International courts and tribunals
• Apply international environmental law • Examples: International Court of Justice, Law of the Sea Tribunal • Challenge: evaluating compensation for infringements
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Learning objective
HL.a.11—Legal personhood for nature
• Granting to natural entities • Strengthens environmental protection • Links to indigenous knowledge systems
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Learning objective
HL.a.12—Legal and economic strategies
• Both play role in sustainable use • Integration provides best outcomes
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