3.2.10 (HL)—KBA conflicts

Palm-oil decisions must weigh income and jobs against forest conversion, fragmentation, carbon release and threatened-species loss.

A credible compromise prevents conversion of high-conservation-value habitat, traces supply chains, includes smallholders and monitors outcomes—not merely a label.

Higher yield on existing farmland may meet demand with less new clearing than expanding into intact forest, if enforcement is real.

Actual land-use change, habitat condition, worker/smallholder outcomes and verified supply-chain compliance.

‘Certified’ does not prove zero impact; inspect the standard, monitoring and leakage of expansion elsewhere.