2.1.29 (HL)—Life cycles and r/K strategies

r-selected traits favour early, rapid reproduction with many small offspring; K-selected traits favour later reproduction, fewer offspring and greater investment near carrying capacity.

Use the continuum to predict boom–bust versus slower recovery. Real species combine traits; r and K are not value judgements.

A disturbed-site weed can produce many seeds quickly; a large mammal produces fewer young and recovers slowly after adult loss.

K-leaning species, because later maturity and fewer offspring slow replacement.

Species are not locked into two boxes; r–K is a comparative continuum.