1.3 Energy from fuels

• Reactive metals, non-metals, organic compounds + O₂

• Deduce complete combustion equations for hydrocarbons and alcohols

• Produces CO and C

• Deduce incomplete combustion equations for hydrocarbons and alcohols

• Coal, crude oil, natural gas

• CO₂ emissions and greenhouse effect

• Compare fuels by carbon dioxide released and energy output

• From biological carbon fixation (photosynthesis)

• Renewable vs. non-renewable

• Consider advantages and disadvantages of biofuels compared with fossil fuels

• Convert chemical energy directly to electrical energy

• Half-equations for electrode reactions

• Include hydrogen and methanol fuel cells; PEM details are not assessed