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D4.3 Climate change

Climate change affects ecosystems through greenhouse-gas forcing, feedback cycles, habitat shifts, coral stress, phenology changes, and evolutionary responses across many environments.

Syllabus
First assessment 2025
Topic
D4.3
Level
HL

What you’ll learn

12 learning objectives

Choose one objective for a focused lesson, or study the complete topic.

Exam analysis

An aggregate view of how the complete D4.3 Climate change appears across past papers.

Chance of appearing19%of analysed past papers
Latest appearanceNovember 2025
Most common paperPaper2

Most tested objectives

  1. D4.3.1—Anthropogenic causes11 questions
  2. D4.3.7—Coral reef threats6 questions
  3. D4.3.4—Polar habitat changes5 questions

Common question formats

  • Comparison
  • Data analysis
  • Definition or recall
  • Diagram interpretation
  • Evaluation
  • Extended response
  • Graph interpretation
  • Process explanation
  • Structured response

Exam question appearances

November 2025Paper1B ["HL"] · TZ34(e)[ 4 ]D4.3.2—Positive feedback cycles
November 2025Paper2 ["HL"] · TZ14(c)[ 2 ]D4.3.1—Anthropogenic causes
November 2025Paper1A ["HL"] · TZ339[ 1 ]D4.3.9 (HL)—Phenology
May 2025Paper1A ["HL"] · TZ240[ 1 ]D4.3.5—Ocean current changes
May 2025Paper1A ["HL"] · TZ140[ 1 ]D4.3.1—Anthropogenic causes
Practice this topic

5 original exam-style questions based on the patterns above.

Coverage 2014–2025 · Updated 16 Jul 2026

Study checklistD4.3 Climate change