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D1.3 Mutation and gene editing

Mutation and gene editing explain how DNA sequence changes arise, affect proteins, create variation and can be studied or altered deliberately.

Syllabus
First assessment 2025
Topic
D1.3
Level
HL

What you’ll learn

10 learning objectives

Choose one objective for a focused lesson, or study the complete topic.

Exam analysis

An aggregate view of how the complete D1.3 Mutation and gene editing appears across past papers.

Chance of appearing12%of analysed past papers
Latest appearanceNovember 2025
Most common paperPaper2

Most tested objectives

  1. D1.3.2—Base substitution consequences5 questions
  2. D1.3.4—Causes of mutation4 questions
  3. D1.3.1—Gene mutations3 questions

Common question formats

  • Definition or recall
  • Process explanation
  • Comparison
  • Evaluation
  • Diagram interpretation
  • Calculation

Exam question appearances

November 2025Paper2 ["HL"] · TZ15(c)[ 2 ]D1.3.4—Causes of mutation
November 2025Paper1A ["HL"] · TZ311[ 1 ]D1.3.8 (HL)—Gene knockout
November 2025Paper1A ["HL"] · TZ111[ 1 ]D1.3.1—Gene mutations
May 2025Paper2 ["HL"] · TZ19(a)[ 4 ]D1.3.2—Base substitution consequences
May 2025Paper2 ["HL"] · TZ27(c)[ 3 ]D1.3.9 (HL)—CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing
Practice this topic

1 original exam-style questions based on the patterns above.

Coverage 2012–2025 · Updated 16 Jul 2026

Study checklistD1.3 Mutation and gene editing